Value of three-section contrast-enhanced transrectal ultrasonography in the detection of prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND: To assess the efficacy of three-section contrast-enhanced transrectal ultrasonography (CETRUS) in prostate cancer (PCa) detection. METHODS: A total of 169 consecutive patients with either PSA level ≥ 4 ng/ml or abnormal digital rectal examination findings were prospectively enrolled in this single center study. All patients underwent baseline transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) and three-section CETRUS by one investigator blinded to any clinical data before TRUS-guided transperineal biopsy. The performances of baseline TRUS, single-section, and three-section CETRUS for PCa detection were compared. RESULTS: On a per-patient basis, the sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy for detecting PCa with three-section CETRUS was 92.3%, 69.2%, and 78.1%, respectively. In comparison with conventional (single-section) CETRUS (sensitivity 75.4%, specificity 72.1%, and accuracy 73.4%), three-section CETRUS performed significantly better (p < 0.05, McNemar test). Additionally, the low-grade PCa detection rate for three-section CETRUS was significantly higher than that of conventional CETRUS (26.7% versus 10.2%, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated a significant benefit of three-section CETRUS relative to conventional CETRUS, and this technique may find more PCa patients eligible for active surveillance. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 45:304-309, 2017.

[Changes and significance of T-lymphocytes subsets in severe hepatitis patients].

AIM: To study the changing of blood T-lymphocytes subsets in severe hepatitis patients and its effect. METHODS: The T-lymphocytes subsets of 21 patients with severe hepatitis and 30 healthy volunteer were detected by flow cytometry. From the changes of T lymphocytes subsets we compared their related clinical prognosis of each case. RESULTS: The average CD4(+) CD8(-), CD4(-) CD8(+) lymphocytes counts in severe hepatitis group were lower than the controls groups (P <0.05). And the the CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratios were higher than the control groups (P<0.05). The CD4(+) CD8(-), CD4(-) CD8(+) lymphocytes was lower than severe hepatitis dead group than the surviving group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The changes of T - lymphocytes subsets especially the elevation of counts CD4(+), CD8(+) lymphocytes may be one important marker to predict the clinical prognosis.